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印度 2026 年加密貨幣稅收損失抵銷規則:您可以抵銷損失嗎?

Quick Answer

不可以。根據印度所得稅法第 115BBH 條,一種加密貨幣(虛擬數位資產或 VDA)的損失不能與其他 VDA 的收益相抵銷,不能與工資或股票收益等任何其他收入相抵銷,也不能結轉至未來年份。無論持有期限如何,每項 VDA 收益均按 30% 的稅率徵稅,大多數轉讓會扣除 1% 的 TDS,而損失根本無法提供任何減免。這是印度所有資產類別中最嚴格的稅收待遇之一。一般信息,而非稅務建議,請根據您的具體情況諮詢特許會計師。

⚠️ 僅提供一般信息,不提供稅務建議。與特許會計師確認您的具體情況。

規則:不得抵銷、不得結轉

自 2022 年 4 月起,第 115BBH 條將加密貨幣和其他虛擬數位資產視為自己的獨立稅收類別,與股票、共同基金、房地產或任何其他資產完全分開。該部分對每筆收益徵收 30% 的統一稅,另加 4% 的健康和教育稅(以及高收入附加費),沒有免稅門檻,也不區分短期和長期持有。

讓大多數交易者措手不及的部分是第 115BBH(2)(b) 條:轉讓 VDA 的損失不能與轉讓任何其他 VDA 的收入相抵銷,也不能與任何其他項目下的收入相抵銷。也沒有規定允許將損失結轉至下一個評稅年度。與股市損失相比,股市損失可以抵消其他資本收益並結轉長達 8 年,差距就變得明顯了。

真實的 INR 範例

假設您在一個財政年度進行了以下交易:

  • 比特幣:利潤 300,000 盧比
  • 較小的山寨幣:損失 200,000 盧比

直觀地說,您今年的淨加密收益是 100,000 盧比的利潤。但第 115BBH 條可不這麼認為:

  • 2,00,000 盧比的山寨幣損失無法與 3,00,000 盧比的比特幣收益相抵消
  • 無論山寨幣損失多少,您都需要對 3,00,000 盧比比特幣收益 = 90,000 盧比稅(加上附加稅)繳納 30% 的稅
  • 200,000 盧比的損失今年不提供稅收優惠,也不能結轉到明年

實際上,您納稅時就好像每筆盈利的交易都是孤立發生的,而每筆虧損的交易都被簡單地吸收,沒有任何緩解。

1% TDS 又增加了一層

除了 30% 的收益稅之外,第 194S 條還要求對大多數高於小閾值的加密貨幣轉帳從源頭扣除 1% 的稅,無論該特定交易是否有利可圖,都在交易時扣除。經常交易的人可能會發現,一年內的許多交易中,他們的相當大一部分資金被佔用在 TDS 中,其中一些資金只能通過提交申報表來收回,因為損益頭寸是按 30% 的利率單獨結算的。與無抵銷規則相結合,這使得印度非常活躍的加密貨幣交易的稅收成本比最初看起來要高得多。

這在實踐中意味著什麼

  • 每筆 VDA 到 VDA 的交易都是其自身的完全納稅事件,貨幣之間的轉移並不是免稅行為
  • 獲利和虧損混合的高頻交易方式比買入並持有的方式徵稅要嚴厲得多,因為虧損無法緩衝獲利交易
  • 保留完整的每筆交易記錄(日期、印度盧比價值、交易對手資產),因為每筆交易都是獨立評估的,而不是淨額計算的
  • 3 月 31 日後結轉至新財政年度的虧損將因稅務目的而永久消失
  • 該規則自推出以來一直沒有變化,截至 2026 年,產業遊說改革尚未導致任何修訂

常見問題 — 印度加密貨幣損失抵銷

Can I set off crypto losses against crypto gains in India?

No, not even against gains from a different cryptocurrency. Section 115BBH(2) of the Income Tax Act specifically blocks it: a loss from transferring one Virtual Digital Asset (VDA) cannot be set off against income from the transfer of another VDA. So if you lost money on one coin and profited on another in the same year, you still owe 30% tax on the full gain, the loss on the other coin simply cannot reduce it. This is stricter than almost any other asset class in India.

Can I offset crypto losses against my salary or stock market gains?

No. Crypto losses cannot be set off against any other head of income, salary, business income, capital gains from stocks or mutual funds, rental income, or anything else. VDA income sits in its own isolated tax bucket. A ₹5 lakh crypto loss provides zero tax relief on your salary or your equity portfolio gains that same year.

Can I carry forward crypto losses to next year in India?

No. Unlike stock market losses (which can be carried forward up to 8 years) or business losses, VDA losses simply expire at the end of the financial year in which they occur. If you end the year with a net crypto loss, that loss cannot be applied against crypto gains, or anything else, next year. It is gone.

Does this apply to both short-term and long-term holdings?

Yes. India does not distinguish between short-term and long-term for crypto the way it does for stocks or property. Every VDA gain is taxed at a flat 30% (plus applicable surcharge and 4% cess) regardless of how long you held it, and the no-set-off, no-carry-forward rule applies uniformly regardless of holding period.

Is there any way to legally reduce this tax burden?

Not through loss set-off, the law does not allow it. Some traders instead focus on realistic risk management: sizing positions so a loss on one trade does not force a taxable event elsewhere, keeping meticulous per-transaction records (each VDA-to-VDA trade is its own taxable event with its own 1% TDS), and treating crypto as a separate, ring-fenced part of a portfolio rather than something to actively trade in and out of for tax efficiency. This is general information, not tax advice, consult a chartered accountant for your specific situation.

免責聲明:本頁面是有關第 115BBH 條如何處理 2026 年印度加密貨幣損失的一般教育信息,可能不反映您的情況或最新法律。這不是稅務、法律或財務建議。請務必針對您的具體情況諮詢特許會計師。鑑於虧損無法提供稅收減免,因此在印度,保持細緻的記錄和仔細調整頭寸規模比大多數其他市場更為重要。